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Fotoiniciovaná degradace vybraných léčiv (dexametazonu, prednisolonu, fluoxetinu) a testování toxicity léčiv a produktů jejich fotodegradace na vodní organismy (\kur{Daphnia magna})
DOKOUPILOVÁ, Eliška
This diploma thesis investigates kinetics of photoinitiated degradation of selected drugs (dexamethasone, prednisolone, fluoxetine) under conditions relevant to surface waters and provides results of toxicity tests of original compounds and their photodegradation products mixtures for a representant of aquatic organisms, cladoceran Daphnia magna. The theoretical part describes the basic characteristics, mechanism of action and therapeutic usage of selected drugs. Toxicological studies related to adverse effects of these substances on aquatic organisms are also briefly outlined. The experimental part presents first the results of photochemical degradation kinetics of the studied compounds and second the findings of chronic toxicity tests of the selected drugs and their photoproducts mixtures on Daphnia magna, namely on the number of juveniles, on the number of clutches and on the body size.
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Determination of Selected Drugs using 3D Printed Electrodes
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Navrátil, Tomáš
The main aim of this research was to develop a new method for voltammetric determination of\npopular antidepressants, analgesics, and illicit drugs using a laboratory-made 3D printed\nelectrode and to compare the achieved results with those registered using a commercially\navailable glassy carbon electrode. These experiments represent the first step in the development\nof a method applicable in clinical and forensic praxis for the rapid and inexpensive\ndetermination of commonly misused groups of biologically active compounds.
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3D printed materials for the electrochemical determination of biologically active compounds
Choińska, Marta Katarzyna ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch
3D printing materials are relatively novel materials in electrochemistry,\nused for manufacturing of electrochemical cells, electrodes\netc. They have been widely used mainly for tailored, fast, inexpensive,\nand easy preparation of various equipment for analyses of\nbiologically active compounds. Various medicinal products and illicit\ndrugs belong to this broad group of analytes which need to be\nmonitored because of the possibility of (un)intentional overdose or\nrecreational consumption, which can cause serious side effects or\neven death. Due to this risk, we decided to focus our research on the\ndevelopment of new, sensitive, selective, and easily customizable 3D\nprinted sensors for the determination of some commonly used\nantidepressants, analgesics, and illicit drugs.
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Antidepressant (SARI, NDRI, RIMA) Consumption in Czech Republic
Bucková, Veronika ; Horký, Pavel (advisor) ; Ťupová, Lenka (referee)
Antidepressant (SARI, NDRI, RIMA) Consumption in Czech Republic Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Veronika Bucková Supervisor: PharmDr. Pavel Horký, Ph.D. Antidepressants are drugs used mainly to treat pathologically low mood and anxiety disorders. The antidepressants focused in this work from the SARI, NDRI and RIMA groups are also used in the treatment of insomnia, smoking cessation, as support in weight reduction and in some psychogenic sexual dysfunctions. The goal of this work is to analyze the consumption of antidepressants from the SARI, NDRI and RIMA groups in Czech Republic. The data for this work were obtained from the database of the State Institute for Drug Control on the basis of mandatory reporting of the volume of drugs supplied by distributors to pharmacies and other medical facilities. Consumption was monitored in the period from 1.1.2008 to 31.12.2020. The DUR type methodology was used and consumption was expressed in the number of defined daily doses per thousand inhabitants per day (DID). The results confirm the rising trend of antidepressant consumption only in the case of trazodone (SARI), whose consumption increased 3.8 times compared to 2008. The reason for this growth is the use of trazodone as an...
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Drug repurposing for the inhibition of invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells
Turchyna, Kateryna ; Brábek, Jan (advisor) ; Jakubek, Milan (referee)
Metastasis is the primary cause of death from cancer. Current lack of medicines for metastasis makes it a topical issue and encourages the global search for molecules that may potentially inhibit invasiveness of cancer cells, and thus prevent metastatic spread. Drug repurposing is a strategy of identifying new uses for approved drugs that are outside the scope of the original medical indication. The aim of this thesis is to summarize knowledge on the repurposing potential of selected groups of drugs with emphasis on molecular mechanisms of their action. In particular, the work is focused on selected antipsychotics, antidepressants, beta- blockers and statins, whose abilities to inhibit cancer invasiveness have been indicated.
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The influence of antidepressants on serotonin homeostasis in placenta
Váchalová, Veronika ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Veronika Váchalová Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Rona Karahoda Title of diploma thesis: The influence of antidepressants on serotonin homeostasis in placenta Depression is a serious mental disorder affecting 10-20% of women during pregnancy. Up to 10% of these pregnant women are prescribed antidepressants (ADs), most frequently from the class of selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). While the safety of this treatment is questionable due to reported impaired pregnancy/fetal outcomes, understanding of potential mechanistic causes is still lacking. During pregnancy, 5-HT is important for normal placental function and proper fetal development and programming. 5-HT homeostasis in the placenta is maintained via the 5-HT transporter (SERT/SLC6A4) on the apical side and the recently characterized organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3/SLC22A3) on the basal side of trophoblast. These transporters take up 5-HT from the maternal and fetal circulations, respectively into the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) where it is degraded by monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). As all ADs interfere with the 5-HT system it is important to study their potential interactions in the...
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Embryotoxicity testing of psychopharmacs using the CHEST method
Pavlovič, Ondřej ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Maňáková, Eva (referee)
Psychotropic drugs are commonly used group of pharmaceuticals, their main effect is to alter psychic condition, including mental diseases treatment. Symptoms of mental illnesses are more and more common, theref orenumber of patients diagnosed with mental illnes, and thus using psychotropics, is growing stronger. But using psychotropics during gestation is not without risks for mother and embryo itself. However, thanks to the absence of controlled human studies, the knowledge of emrbyotoxic effects of pschotropics is limited to casuistics, reported side effects and animal experimental studies. Many of those studies suggests emrbyotoxic potential of psychotropic drugs, on the other hand, others claim their safety. The goal of this thesis is to test at least some of them, using CHEST method, that allows us to observe direct effect of unmetabolized substance on chick embryo. In this thesis we tested selected psychotropics, very common antidepressant fluoxetine (prozac) and antipsychotic drug olanzapine, for embryotoxicity, using in ovo method CHEST with chick embryos as model organism. By bypassing the maternal organism and his metabolism, this method allows to observe direct effect of unmetabolized substance on chick embryo. Results revealed embryotoxic effect of fluoxetin in dosage 10-2 and 10-3 on 3rd and...
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SSRI Antidepressant Consumption in Czech Republic
Behrová, Júlia ; Horký, Pavel (advisor) ; Rejmanová, Anna (referee)
SSRI antidepressant consumption in Czech republic Author: Júlia Behrová Supervisor: PharmDr. Pavel Horký, PhD. Consultant: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D Introduction: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase the available amount of neurotransmitter serotonin in synapses, resulting in their antidepressant and anxiolytic effect. Objective: The objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the consumption of SSRI antidepressants in the Czech Republic in the period from 01. 01. 2008 - 31. 12. 2018, based on the data on consumption from the State Institute of Drug Control (SIDC). Methods: The research consisted of a retrospective analysis of the SIDC database. The study included all approved SSRI in the Czech Republic. Drug Utilization Review was used in the thesis as a methodology. Drug consumption is calculated as the number of defined daily doses per thousand inhabitants per day (DID). The data on the number of residents was acquired from the Czech Statistical Office. Descriptive statistics and ATC/DDD methodology were applied. Results: The consumption of sertraline and escitalopram increased significantly during the period under review. For sertraline, the DID increased from an initial 8.623 to 15.513, increasing consumption by 1.8 fold. The greatest increase in consumption was observed...
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Tricyclic Antidepressant Consumption in Czech Republic
Květenská, Zuzana ; Horký, Pavel (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
Ticyclic Antidepressants Consumption In Czech Republic Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Zuzana Květenská Supervisor: PharmDr. Pavel Horký, Ph.D. Tricyclic antidepressants are one of the oldest groups of antidepressants. Except for indication for depression, they are used in the therapy of chronic pain or enuresis nocturna in children. Nowadays, tricyclic antidepressants are drug of the first choice only in some types of neuropathic pain, and in other indications they have been replaced by newer substances with a lower occurrence of side effects. The aim of this works is to find out how consumption of tricyclic antidepressants has developed and what share in utilization of antidepressants they represent. Data for this work were obtained from the State Institute for Drug Control of the Czech Republic; namely from distributors' report about supplies of medicinal products to pharmacies and healthcare facilities, sellers of selected medicinal products, other distributors and veterinary doctors. Utilization was evaluated for the period from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018 with DUR (drug utilization review). For evaluation, a defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day and methods of descriptive statistics was selected. A...
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Tricyclic Antidepressant Consumption in Czech Republic
Květenská, Zuzana ; Horký, Pavel (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
Ticyclic Antidepressants Consumption In Czech Republic Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Zuzana Květenská Supervisor: PharmDr. Pavel Horký, Ph.D. Tricyclic antidepressants are one of the oldest groups of antidepressants. Except for indication for depression, they are used in the therapy of chronic pain or enuresis nocturna in children. Nowadays, tricyclic antidepressants are drug of the first choice only in some types of neuropathic pain, and in other indications they have been replaced by newer substances with a lower occurrence of side effects. The aim of this works is to find out how consumption of tricyclic antidepressants has developed and what share in utilization of antidepressants they represent. Data for this work were obtained from the State Institute for Drug Control of the Czech Republic; namely from distributors' report about supplies of medicinal products to pharmacies and healthcare facilities, sellers of selected medicinal products, other distributors and veterinary doctors. Utilization was evaluated for the period from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018 with DUR (drug utilization review). For evaluation, a defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day and methods of descriptive statistics was selected. A...
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